The emergence of new techniques for stereotaxic irradiation on linear accelerators, the improvement of visualization and navigation systems contributed to the emergence and rapid development of a new direction — extracranial radiosurgery. Today, there is the possibility of precision irradiation with stereotaxic accuracy of various volumetric formations of any, including spinal, localization. One of the promising and popular indications for the using of the radiosurgical method is various primary and metastatic tumors and arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord and spine. Radiosurgery as well as hypofraction, which consists in accurately delivering of high doses of ionizing radiation to the pathological tissue in one or several fractions, makes it possible to be effective and safe treatment even in cases of radioresistant neoplasms.

This article presents the literature data and analyzes the experience of stereotactic irradiation of primary volumetric formations of the spinal cord and spine in the N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgical Center. It is concluded that stereotactic irradiation is highly effective (> 90 %) with a minimum number of complications in spinal cord and spine pathology with long-term follow-up, which allows maintaining the quality of life of patients.

Introduction: Early detection of relapses of soft tissue sarcoma can reduce the risk of reoperation and improve oncological outcomes.

Material and methods: A multimodal ultrasound examination of 108 soft tissue sites of different localizations was performed, in which earlier (with an interval of 12–62 months after the previous operation) malignant tumors of different histological affiliation were removed.

Results: In 37 (34.3 %) observations against the background of postoperative changes, local relapses of neoplasms were revealed. Echographic symptoms that allow differentiating tumor growth and imitating its non-tumor changes have been determined.

Conclusions: The most reliable manifestation of the recurrence of the tumor process is a local, uneven strengthening of the vascular pattern directly behind the contour of the neoplasm in its immediate tissue environment.

Purpose: To evaluate the dynamics of the opinions of world experts on the materials of world recommendations on ultrasound elastography and liver steatometry from the standpoint of the domestic level of development of ultrasound diagnostics and on the basis of our own data.

Material and methods: 16 main provisions of the World Guidelines for Liver Elastography in 2018 were reviewed and comments were made, differences from the European Guidelines of 2017 and the first World Guidelines of 2015 were noted. We reviewed and commented on the 2020 SRU comments. The final scientific publication of a large group of world experts in 2022 is analyzed in detail, where for the first time the norms and threshold values between benign and malignant neoplasms of a large number of human organs and tissues are given.

Results: From 2006 to the present, more than 45,000 ultrasound studies have been carried out on our own material (n=15627), some differences in approaches to liver elastometry are given, and approaches to the use of ultrasound steatometry are considered.

Conclusion: Threshold development vectors are shown, techniques to avoid artifacts and reduce the risk of obtaining false negative and false positive elastometry results are proposed. There is caution of the expert community in the review of the method of quantitative steatometry based on the measurement of the attenuation coefficient of the ultrasound wave.

High incidence of breast cancer is unchanged; therefore, it is relevant to study the possibilities of modern radiological methods for the diagnostics of breast cancer at an early stage. The purpose of the study was to analyze current trends of breast cancer diagnostics at early stages by modern imaging methods according to the literature. The systematic search was performed for reviews and meta-analyses in RSCI, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases, published from 2012 to 2022, on breast cancer diagnostics using the keywords: breast cancer, mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography, positron emission computed tomography, computed tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, ultrasound, ultrasound tomosynthesis, magnetic resonance imaging. Out of 100 publications published over the past 10 years, 48 were included in the presented review. The existing methods of diagnosing breast cancer have certain advantages and disadvantages relative to each other, the consideration of which is necessary when drawing up a plan of clarifying diagnostic measures, including women with high breast density. Promising methods of diagnosing breast cancer at an early stage — digital tomosynthesis, ultrasound tomosynthesis, dual-energy spectral contrast mammography, short MRI protocol are new and could be optimize the approach to the diagnosis of breast lesions in women with high breast density. This poorly studied methods require further research to optimize the breast cancer-screening algorithm, improve the indicators of early detection of breast cancer and increase economic efficiency.

The article presents the current use of preoperative embolization of spinal tumors as an effective approach to reduce intraoperative blood loss. The main features of the vascular anatomy of the spine and spinal cord, current indications and contraindications for this intervention are described. The up-to-date literature is analyzed and the results of studies confirming the effectiveness of the technique and the need to update the technique of this procedure in accordance with the latest developments in the field of new embolizing agents are presented. A review of the current literature indicates that there is no consensus on the role of transarterial embolization of spinal tumor vessels in reducing the volume of massive intraoperative blood loss. There is no comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different embolization agents in the literature. 

Malignant brain tumors include primary and metastatic brain tumors. The incidence and prevalence of malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) around the world continue to grow. Treatment of this group of patients requires complex and expensive diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. Thus, malignant brain tumors, whether primary or metastatic, have a significant socio-economic impact on patients, their families and healthcare systems around the world. At the moment, there is no systematic review of the costs of treating patients with brain tumors, although some studies emphasize the importance of this problem. 

A rare clinical observation of a cystic formation of the biliary system — mucinous cystadenoma of the cystic duct is presented. This type of tumors is benign, but in 20 % of cases their malignancy is described. They are often detected incidentally during routine examination and require surgical treatment, regardless of clinical manifestations. Difficulties in differential diagnosis led to unreasonably long follow-up, ending with malignancy of cystadenomas, which reduces the possibility of radical surgical treatment. Therefore, timely detection and differentiation of biliary mucinous cystadenomas by examination are very important for treatment strategy. 

In this case report of a patient with verified oligodendroglioma with gliomatous growth pattern, at primary clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) diagnosis, the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) was proposed due to the presence of certain radiological patterns typically seen in AE. Further investigation, including advanced MR methods such as magnetic resonance spectrometry, suggested a possible diffuse multifocal glial involvement, which was further confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical examination. The comprehensive approach of evaluating dynamic MRI data, clinical presentation and the use of extended MRI protocols may assist in precise determination of neoplastic changes in the brain tissue.

Resection and orthotopic liver transplantation are considered radical methods in patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC). However, recurrence is observed in 6-20 % of patients who have undergone liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer. In about 20 % of cases there is an local lesion of the transplant, and a combination of intra- and extrahepatic metastasis is observed in at least 30 % of patients. At the time of detection of the recurrence of HCC in the liver transplant, most patients are no longer subject to radical treatment due to the presence of multifocal bilobar liver damage or extrahepatic metastasis. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) can be a method of choice, can make it possible long-term local control of the tumor process in the liver transplant.

The oncological service of Donbass has a rich history. The path of its formation began in 1943, when on September 9, 1943, Professor M.K. Afanasiev signed an order to restore the activities of the Stalin X-ray station and the oncological hospital.

The first organizer of the radiological service in the Donbass is considered to be Ekaterina Vladimirovna Stelling, who was appointed in 1946 to the post of head of the oncological hospital in Stalino. The radiological service appeared in 1947, when the Regional Oncological Dispensary was organized. Soon the institution was renamed the Donetsk Regional Oncological Dispensary (DROD). Soon the institution was renamed the Donetsk Regional Oncological Dispensary. In 1955, DROD, in order to increase the number of beds, was transferred to the base of the Regional Clinical Hospital. M.I. Kalinin.

Under the leadership of Grigory Vasilyevich Bondar, in September 1968, an oncology course was organized, the clinical base of which was DROD. August 19, 1975 Grigory Vasilyevich headed the Department of Oncology, established at the Donetsk State Medical Institute. M. Gorky. October 12, 1992 Donetsk Regional Oncology Center received the status of an antitumor center. Academician of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Grigory Vasilyevich Bondar has been appointed its General Director.

The center, which subsequently became the leading one in Ukraine, had the greatest experience in surgical and combined treatment of tumors of various localizations using the methods proposed in the clinic. In 2006, the first radiotherapy complex in Ukraine was installed in the Donetsk Regional Cancer Center.

At the beginning of 2014, our teacher passed away. Students with dignity continue the work of Bondar Grigory Vasilyevich. At the end of 2014, on the basis of the Donetsk Regional Antitumor Center, the Republican Cancer Center of the Ministry of Health of the Donetsk People’s Republic was created, which was named after Professor Grigory Vasilyevich Bondar. The Center proudly bears the name of the great Teacher Grigory Vasilyevich Bondar! And in our present life, he is still a mentor and assistant!

We are sure that the symbiosis of science and practice of a team of professionals who selflessly give their knowledge, experience and skills for the benefit of patients will give a powerful impetus to the further development of the oncological service of Donbass.