Эффективность бор-нейтронзахватной терапии в лечении пациентов злокачественными опухолями головы и шеи, систематический обзор

Введение: Рак головы и шеи характеризуется высокой частотой локорегионарных рецидивов. Лечение прогрессирующего заболевания малоэффективно, что существенно ухудшает прогноз пациентов. В связи с этим актуально изучение бор-нейтронзахватной терапии (БНЗТ) как перспективного метода, способного обеспечить селективное уничтожение опухолевых клеток при минимальном повреждении окружающих тканей.

Цель систематического обзора — комплексная оценка эффективности и безопасности БНЗТ при местно-распространенном, рецидивном раке органов головы и шеи.

Материалы и методы: Следуя рекомендациям PRISMA (предпочтительные элементы отчетности для систематических обзоров и мета-анализов), мы провели систематический поиск в PubMed всех статей по январь 2025 г.

Результаты: 22 исследования было включено в систематический обзор: 8 исследований I/II фазы и одно исследование II фазы, а также 11 ретроспективых работ. Поиск выявил 680 пациентов с рецидивными либо местно-распространенными нерезектабельными злокачественными новообразованиями органов головы и шеи. Анализ показал, что БНЗТ демонстрирует многообещающую эффективность при различных видах рака с управляемым профилем безопасности.

Выводы: БНЗТ демонстрирует существенные перспективы в качестве метода лечения, предлагая потенциальные преимущества с приемлемыми профилями безопасности. Тем не менее, необходимы дальнейшие исследования для совершенствования его клинического применения и обеспечения безопасности и эффективности.

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