<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ojrdrt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Онкологический журнал: лучевая диагностика, лучевая терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-167X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО «ОБЩЕСТВО ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННЫХ ОНКОРАДИОЛОГОВ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37174/2587-7593-2025-8-4-60-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ojrdrt-488</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛУЧЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый взгляд на возможности МРТ в уточнении категории PI-RADS3 и PI-RADS4</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A New Perspective on the Role of MRI in Refining PI-RADS 3 and PI-RADS 4 Categories</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-7269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куплевацкая</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuplevatskaya</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Игоревна Куплевацкая</p><p>+79213023101</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria I. Kuplevatskaya</p><p>+79213023101</p><p> Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkupl@ldc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-2341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana N. Trofimova</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9753-1913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куплевацкий</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuplevatsky</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Kuplevatsky</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9621-3822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурнин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surnin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Surnin</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9772-4387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Berezina</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-9569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкашин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkashin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Cherkashin</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Лечебно-диагностический центр Международного института биологических систем имени Сергея Березина»; Медицинский институт Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Diagnostic and Treatment Center of the Sergey Berezin International Institute of Biological Systems; Medical Institute, Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский институт Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Institute, Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Лечебно-диагностический центр Международного института биологических систем имени Сергея Березина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Diagnostic and Treatment Center of the Sergey Berezin International Institute of Biological Systems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куплевацкая Д.И., Трофимова Т.Н., Куплевацкий В.И., Сурнин Н.В., Березина Н.А., Черкашин М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куплевацкая Д.И., Трофимова Т.Н., Куплевацкий В.И., Сурнин Н.В., Березина Н.А., Черкашин М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuplevatskaya D.I., Trofimova T.N., Kuplevatsky V.I., Surnin N.V., Berezina N.A., Cherkashin M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/488">https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/488</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Рак предстательной железы (ПЖ) остается одной из ведущих причин онкологической смертности. Традиционные методы диагностики, включая определение уровня ПСА и ТРУЗИ, имеют ограничения в выявлении ранних стадий рака ПЖ. МРТ играет ключевую роль в диагностике, особенно для выявления клинически значимых опухолей, но система PI-RADS v2.1 имеет ограничения в количественной оценке патологических изменений.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Разработать и оценить количественные МРТ критерии для дифференциальной диагностики очагов категорий PI-RADS 3 и PI-RADS 4, установить статистически значимые предикторы наличия рака в очаге.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Ретроспективный анализ 105 пациентов (возраст 49–78 лет, медиана 65) с подозрением на рак Пʮ, проведенный в 2019–2024 гг. Пациенты разделены на группы по анамнезу: с отрицательной биопсией (34 %), повышенным ПСА и отрицательной динамикой МРТ (33 %), ростом ПСА без УЗИ-изменений (32 %). Выполнено МРТ ПЖ на томографах 1,5Tл и 3Tл (би- или мультипараметрическое), с оценкой по PI-RADS v2.1. Очаги PI-RADS 4 выявлены в 73,3 % случаев, PI-RADS 3 — в 26,7 %. Всем пациентам проведена стереотаксическая МРТ-направленная биопсия с забором из таргетных очагов и систем‑ ной биопсией. Статистический анализ включал частотные таблицы, критерии x2, Фишера, t-test, Манна–Уитни и ROC-анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Рак ПЖ верифицирован в 78 % случаев (преимущественно аденокарциномы Gleason 7, ISUP 2). Очаги PI-RADS 3–4 чаще локализовались в периферических зонах (73,3 % задние отделы). Введены количественные показатели: отношение интенсивности сигнала на ДВИ с высоким b-фактором (b1/b2) и на ИКД-карте (ИКД2/ИКД1). Для всех очагов: порог b1/b2&gt;1,56 (чувствительность 81,7 %, специфичность 91,3 %); ИКД2/ИКД1 &gt;2,65 (52,4 % и 82,6 %). Для PI-RADS 4: пороги b1/b2 &gt;1,57 (87,1 % и 85,7 %) и ИКД2/ИКД1 &gt;2,2 (81,4 % и 85,7 %) значимы как предикторы рака. Для PI-RADS 3: отношения не значимы. Динамическое контрастирование (34,2 % случаев) уточняло локализацию, но не определяло биопсию; кривые типа 3 коррелировали с раком в PI-RADS 4 (95 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение: Внедрение количественных критериев (b1/b2 и ИКД2/ИКД1) позволяет об̻ективизировать оценку очагов PI-RADS 4, снижая зависимость от опыта врача-рентгенолога. Эти параметры являются значимыми предикторами клинически значимого рака ПЖ, особенно для категории PI-RADS 4. Для категории PI-RADS 3 требуются дальнейшие исследования для поиска надежных количественных маркеров. Бипараметрическое МРТ (без контрастирования) было достаточно для принятия решения о биопсии в большинстве случаев (65.7 %), делая метод доступнее и безопаснее, а количественный анализ может помочь в выборе между би- и мультипараметрическим протоколом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: МРТ с количественной оценкой b1/b2 и ИКД2/ИКД1 улучшает диагностику клинически значимого рака ПЖ, особенно для категории PI-RADS 4. Количественные отношения b1/b2 и ИКД2/ИКД1 — надежные предикторы рака для PI-RADS 4, снижают субъективность диагностики. Использование предложенных количественных пороговых значений может помочь в принятии более обоснованного решения о необходимости проведения биопсии у пациентов с сомнительными результатами МРТ (категории PI-RADS 3 и 4).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Traditional diagnostic methods, including PSA testing and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), have limitations in detecting early-stage PCa. MRI plays a key role in diagnosis, particularly in identifying clinically significant tumors. However, the PI-RADS v2.1 system has limitations in the quantitative assessment of pathological changes.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To develop and evaluate quantitative MRI criteria for the differential diagnosis of PI-RADS 3 and PI-RADS 4 lesions, and to identify statistically significant predictors of cancer presence in lesions.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 105 patients (aged 49–78 years, median age 65) with suspected PCa from 2019 to 2024. Patients were grouped based on clinical history: negative biopsy (34 %), elevated PSA and negative MRI dynamics (33 %), and rising PSA without ultrasound changes (32 %). Prostate MRI was performed using 1.5 T and 3 T scanners (bi-or multiparametric), with assessment according to PI-RADS v2.1. PI-RADS 4 lesions were identiĮed in 73.3 % of cases, and PI-RADS 3 lesions in 26.7 %. All patients underwent stereotactic MRI-targeted biopsy with sampling from target lesions and systematic biopsy. Statistical analysis included frequency tables, chi-square and Fisher͛ s tests, t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and ROC analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: PCa was conĮrmed in 78 % of cases (predominantly Gleason 7, ISUP grade 2 adenocarcinomas). PI-RADS 3–4 lesions were most often located in the peripheral zones (73.3 %, posterior regions). New quantitative parameters were introduced: the signal intensity ratio on high b-value DWI (b1/b2) and on ADC maps (ADC2/ADC1). For all lesions, a b1/b2 threshold х1.56 showed sensitivity of 81.7 % and speciĮcity of 91.3 %; ADC2/ADC1 &gt;2.65 showed 52.4 % sensitivity and 82.6 % speciĮcity. For PI-RADS 4 lesions, thresholds of b1/b2 &gt;1.57 (87.1 % sensitivity, 85.7 % speciĮcity) and ADC2/ADC1 &gt;2.2 (81.4 % and 85.7 %, respectively) were significant predictors of cancer. For PI-RADS 3 lesions, these ratios were not significant. Dynamic contrast enhancement (performed in 34.2 % of cases) helped to reĮne lesion localization but did not influence the biopsy decision; type 3 curves correlated with cancer in PI-RADS 4 lesions (95 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion: The introduction of quantitative criteria (b1/b2 and ADC2/ADC1) allows for a more objective assessment of PI-RADS 4 lesions, reducing the dependence on radiologist experience. These parameters are signiĮcant predictors of clinically significant PCa, particularly in PI-RADS 4. Further research is needed to identify reliable quantitative markers for PI-RADS 3 lesions. Biparametric MRI (without contrast) was suĸcient for biopsy decision-making in most cases (65.7 %), making the method more accessible and safer. Quantitative analysis may assist in selecting between bi- and multiparametric MRI protocols.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: MRI with quantitative assessment of b1/b2 and ADC2/ADC1 improves the detection of clinically signiĮcant PCa, especially for PI-RADS 4 lesions. The b1/b2 and ADC2/ADC1 ratios are reliable cancer predictors for PI-RADS 4 and reduce diagnostic subjectivity. Using the proposed quantitative thresholds can support more informed decision-making regarding the need for biopsy in patients with equivocal MRI findings (PI-RADS 3 and 4).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>МРТ</kwd><kwd>диффузионновзвешенные изображения</kwd><kwd>ДВИ</kwd><kwd>ИКД</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>diffusion-weighted imaging</kwd><kwd>DWI</kwd><kwd>apparent diffusion coefficient</kwd><kwd>ADC</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study had no sponsorship.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн АД, Старинский ВВ, Шахзадова АО. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2023 г. (заболеваемость и смертность) — М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена, 2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin AD, Starinskiy VV, Shakhzadova AO. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2023 (morbidity and mortality). Moscow, 2024 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prostate cancer. NCCN guideline version 4.2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prostate cancer. NCCN guideline version 4.2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации предстательной железы. 2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. 2024. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носов ДА, Волкова МИ, Гладков ОА и др. Рак предстательной железы. Злокачественные опухоли. 2024;14(3s2- 2):242 66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosov DA, Volkova MI, Gladkov OA, et al. Prostate cancer. Malignant tumors. 2024;14(3s2-2):242-66 https://doi.org/10.18027/2224-5057-2024-14-3s2-1.2-10 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson DC, Raman SS, Mirak SA, et al. Detection of Individual Prostate Cancer Foci via Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging. European Urology [Internet]. 2019 May;75(5):712-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2018.11.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson DC, Raman SS, Mirak SA, et al. Detection of Indi  vidual Prostate Cancer Foci via Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging. European Urology [Internet]. 2019 May;75(5):712-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2018.11.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornford P, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, et al. EAU-EANM-ES TRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer—2024 Update. Part I: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. European Urology [Internet]. 2024 Aug;86(2):148-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornford P, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, et al. EAU-EANM-ES TRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer—2024 Update. Part I: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. European Urology [Internet]. 2024 Aug;86(2):148-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O͛Shea A, Harisinghani M. PI-RADS: multiparametric MRI in prostate cancer. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine [Internet]. 2022 May 21;35(4):523-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-022-01019-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O͛Shea A, Harisinghani M. PI-RADS: multiparametric MRI in prostate cancer. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine [Internet]. 2022 May 21;35(4):523-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-022-01019-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, et al. Prevalence of Prostate Cancer among Men with a Prostate-SpeciĮc Antigen Level ч4.0 ng per Milliliter. New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 2004 May 27;350(22):2239-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa031918.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, et al. Prevalence of Prostate Cancer among Men with a Prostate-SpeciĮc Antigen Level ч4.0 ng per Milliliter. New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 2004 May 27;350(22):2239-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa031918.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merriel SWD, Pocock L, Gilbert E, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of prostate-speciĮc antigen (PSA) for the detection of prostate cancer in symptomatic patients. BMC Medicine [Internet]. 2022 Feb 7;20(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02230-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merriel SWD, Pocock L, Gilbert E, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of prostate-speciĮc antigen (PSA) for the detection of prostate cancer in sympto  matic patients. BMC Medicine [Internet]. 2022 Feb 7;20(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02230-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smeenge M, Barentsz J, Cosgrove D, et al. Role of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in focal therapy of prostate cancer: report from a Consensus Panel. BJU International [Internet]. 2012 Mar 30;110(7):942-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11072.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smeenge M, Barentsz J, Cosgrove D, et al. Role of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in focal therapy of prostate cancer: report from a Consensus Panel. BJU International [Internet]. 2012 Mar 30;110(7):942-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11072.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rouviğre O, Puech P, Renard-Penna R, et al. Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): a prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study. The Lancet Oncology [Internet]. 2019 Jan;20(1):100-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30569-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rouviğre O, Puech P, Renard-Penna R, et al. Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparamet  ric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): a prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study. The Lancet Oncology [Internet]. 2019 Jan;20(1):100-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30569-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mannaerts CK, Engelbrecht MRW, Postema AW, et al. Detection of clinically signiĮcant prostate cancer in biopsy-naŢve men: direct comparison of systematic biopsy, multiparametric MRI- and contrast-ultrasound-dispersion imaging-targeted biopsy. BJU International [Internet]. 2020 May 13;126(4):481- 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.15093</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mannaerts CK, Engelbrecht MRW, Postema AW, et al. Detec  tion of clinically signiĮcant prostate cancer in biopsy-naŢve men: direct comparison of systematic biopsy, multiparamet  ric MRI- and contrast-ultrasound-dispersion imaging-targeted biopsy. BJU International [Internet]. 2020 May 13;126(4):481- 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.15093</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bratan F, Niaf E, Melodelima C, et al. Influence of imaging and histological factors on prostate cancer detection and localisation on multiparametric MRI: a prospective study. European Radiology [Internet]. 2013 Mar 15;23(7):2019-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-013-2795-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bratan F, Niaf E, Melodelima C, et al. Influence of imaging and histological factors on prostate cancer detection and localisa  tion on multiparametric MRI: a prospective study. European Radiology [Internet]. 2013 Mar 15;23(7):2019-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-013-2795-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borofsky S, George AK, Gaur S, et al. What Are We Missing͍ False-Negative Cancers at Multiparametric MR Imaging of the Prostate. Radiology [Internet]. 2018 Jan;286(1):186-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017152877</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borofsky S, George AK, Gaur S, et al. What Are We Missing͍ False-Negative Cancers at Multiparametric MR Imaging of the Prostate. Radiology [Internet]. 2018 Jan;286(1):186-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017152877</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA, et al. Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2.1: 2019 Update of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2. European Urology [Internet]. 2019 Sep;76(3):340-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA, et al. Prostate Imag  ing Reporting and Data System Version 2.1: 2019 Update of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2. Euro  pean Urology [Internet]. 2019 Sep;76(3):340-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeffrey C, Weinreb, Jelle O. Barentsz, Peter L. Choyke, et al. PI-RADS Prostate Imaging — Reporting and Data System: 2015, Version 2. Eur Urol 2016;69:16-40. European Urology [Internet]. 2016 Nov;70(5):e136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.04.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeffrey C, Weinreb, Jelle O. Barentsz, Peter L. Choyke, et al. PI-RADS Prostate Imaging — Reporting and Data System: 2015, Version 2. Eur Urol 2016;69:16-40. European Urology [Internet]. 2016 Nov;70(5):e136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.04.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oerther B, Engel H, Bamberg F, et al. Cancer detection rates of the PI-RADSv2.1 assessment categories: systematic review and meta-analysis on lesion level and patient level. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Jul 6;25(2):256-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41391-021-00417-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oerther B, Engel H, Bamberg F, et al. Cancer detection rates of the PI-RADSv2.1 assessment categories: systematic re  view and meta-analysis on lesion level and patient level. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Jul 6;25(2):256-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41391-021-00417-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panda A, Gulani V. Multiparametric MRI of Prostate: Analysis and Recommendations of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) Version 2.1. Reading MRI of the Prostate [Internet]. 2020;25-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99357-7_4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panda A, Gulani V. Multiparametric MRI of Prostate: Analy  sis and Recommendations of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) Version 2.1. Reading MRI of the Prostate [Internet]. 2020;25-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99357-7_4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Padhani AR, Weinreb J, Rosenkrantz AB, et al. Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System Steering Committee: PI-RADS v2 Status Update and Future Directions. European Urology [Internet]. 2019 Mar;75(3):385-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2018.05.035</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Padhani AR, Weinreb J, Rosenkrantz AB, et al. Prostate Imag  ing-Reporting and Data System Steering Committee: PI-RADS v2 Status Update and Future Directions. European Urology [Internet]. 2019 Mar;75(3):385-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2018.05.035</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NordstrƂm T, Adolfsson J, GrƂnberg H et al. Repeat Prostate-SpeciĮc Antigen Tests Before Prostate Biopsy Decisions. Journal of the National Cancer Institute [Internet]. 2016 Jul 14;108(12):djw165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NordstrƂm T, Adolfsson J, GrƂnberg H et al. Repeat Pros  tate-SpeciĮc Antigen Tests Before Prostate Biopsy Decisions. Journal of the National Cancer Institute [Internet]. 2016 Jul 14;108(12):djw165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akhverdiyeva GI, Panov VO, Tyurin IE, et al. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of local recurrence of prostate cancer in patients after radical prostatectomy. Cancer Urology [Internet]. 2015 Dec 10;11(4):72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2015-11-4-72-80</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhverdiyeva GI, Panov VO, Tyurin IE, et al. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of local recur  rence of prostate cancer in patients after radical prostatecto  my. Cancer Urology [Internet]. 2015 Dec 10;11(4):72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2015-11-4-72-80</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaxley WJ, Nouhaud Fy, Raveenthiran S, et al. Histological Įndings of totally embedded robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) specimens in 1197 men with a negative (low risk) preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) prostate lobe and clinical implications. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases [Internet]. 2020 Sep 30;24(2):398-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-00289-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaxley WJ, Nouhaud Fy, Raveenthiran S, et al. Histological Įndings of totally embedded robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) specimens in 1197 men with a negative (low risk) preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) prostate lobe and clinical impli  cations. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases [Internet]. 2020 Sep 30;24(2):398-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-00289-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim CK. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Prostate Biopsy: Present and Future. Korean Journal of Radiology [Internet]. 2015;16(1):90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2015.16.1.90</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim CK. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Prostate Biop  sy: Present and Future. Korean Journal of Radiology [Internet]. 2015;16(1):90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2015.16.1.90</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haffner J, Lemaitre L, Puech P, et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging before initial biopsy: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging-targeted and systematic biopsy for significant prostate cancer detection. BJU International [Internet]. 2011 Mar 22;108(8b). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10112.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haffner J, Lemaitre L, Puech P, et al. Role of magnetic reso  nance imaging before initial biopsy: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging-targeted and systematic biopsy for signif  icant prostate cancer detection. BJU International [Internet]. 2011 Mar 22;108(8b). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10112.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Padhani AR, Barentsz J, Villeirs G, et al. PI-RADS Steering Com mittee: The PI-RADS Multiparametric MRI and MRI-directed Biopsy Pathway. Radiology [Internet]. 2019 Aug;292(2):464-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182946</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Padhani AR, Barentsz J, Villeirs G, et al. PI-RADS Steering Com  mittee: The PI-RADS Multiparametric MRI and MRI-directed Biopsy Pathway. Radiology [Internet]. 2019 Aug;292(2):464-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182946</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polascik T, Tan WP. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): a prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study. [Internet]. Faculty Opinions — Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. H1 Connect; 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3410/f.734489133.793558734</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polascik T, Tan WP. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): a prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study. [Internet]. Faculty Opinions — Post-Publication Peer Review of the Bio  medical Literature. H1 Connect; 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3410/f.734489133.793558734</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куплевацкий ВИ, Черкашин МА, Рощин ДА, и др. Биопсия предстательной железы под контролем магнитно-резонансной томографии. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2016;97(1):48-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Куплевацкий ВИ, Черкашин МА, Рощин ДА, и др. Биопсия предстательной железы под контролем магнитно-резонансной томографии. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2016;97(1):48-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed HU, El-Shater Bosaily A, Brown LC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): a paired validating confirmatory study. The Lancet [Internet]. 2017 Feb;389(10071):815-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32401-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed HU, El-Shater Bosaily A, Brown LC, et al. Diagnostic ac  curacy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): a paired validating conĮrmatory study. The Lancet [Internet]. 2017 Feb;389(10071):815-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32401-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Issa B. In vivo measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient in normal and malignant prostatic tissues using echo-planar imaging. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging [Internet]. 2002 Jul 23;16(2):196-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.10139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Issa B. In vivo measurement of the apparent diffusion coef  Įcient in normal and malignant prostatic tissues using echoplanar imaging. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging [Internet]. 2002 Jul 23;16(2):196-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.10139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sato C, Naganawa S, Nakamura T, et al. Differentiation of noncancerous tissue and cancer lesions by apparent diffusion coefficient values in transition and peripheral zones of the prostate. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging [Internet]. 2005 Feb 18;21(3):258-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20251</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sato C, Naganawa S, Nakamura T, et al. Differentiation of non  cancerous tissue and cancer lesions by apparent diffusion coeĸcient values in transition and peripheral zones of the prostate. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging [Internet]. 2005 Feb 18;21(3):258-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20251</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamada T, Sone T, Jo Y, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient values in peripheral and transition zones of the prostate: Comparison between normal and malignant prostatic tissues and correlation with histologic grade. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging [Internet]. 2008 Sep;28(3):720-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.21503</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamada T, Sone T, Jo Y, et al. Apparent diffusion coeĸcient values in peripheral and transition zones of the prostate: Comparison between normal and malignant prostatic tissues and correlation with histologic grade. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging [Internet]. 2008 Sep;28(3):720-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.21503</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu LM, Xu JR, Ye YQ, et al. The Clinical Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Combination With T2-Weighted Imaging in Diagnosing Prostate Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Roentgenology [Internet]. 2012 Jul;199(1):103-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.11.7634</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu LM, yu JR, Ye YQ, et al. The Clinical Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Combination With T2-Weighted Imaging in Diagnosing Prostate Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Roentgenology [Internet]. 2012 Jul;199(1):103-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.11.7634</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jie C, Rongbo L, Ping T. The value of diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. European Radiology [Internet]. 2014 May 28;24(8):1929-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-014-3201-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jie C, Rongbo L, Ping T. The value of diffusion-weighted im  aging in the detection of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. European Radiology [Internet]. 2014 May 28;24(8):1929-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-014-3201-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oto A, Kayhan A, Jiang Y, et al. Prostate Cancer: Differentiation of Central Gland Cancer from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Using Diffusion-weighted and Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging. Radiology [Internet]. 2010 Dec;257(3):715-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10100021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oto A, Kayhan A, Jiang Y, et al. Prostate Cancer: Differentiation of Central Gland Cancer from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Using Diffusion-weighted and Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging. Radiology [Internet]. 2010 Dec;257(3):715-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10100021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
