<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ojrdrt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Онкологический журнал: лучевая диагностика, лучевая терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-167X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО «ОБЩЕСТВО ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННЫХ ОНКОРАДИОЛОГОВ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37174/2587-7593-2025-8-1-36-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ojrdrt-416</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЯДЕРНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NUCLEAR MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Количественная оценка эффективности терапии хлоридом радия-223 по данным остеосцинтиграфии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yuantitative Assessment of the Effectiveness of Radium-223 Chloride Therapy Based on Osteoscintigraphy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-2560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Николаева Екатерина Андреевна</p><p>+79163627456</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Nikolaeva</p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikoka1901@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8476-7879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Krylov</p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-801X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжков</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Ryzhkov</p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p><p>2/1, p. 1, Barricadnaya str., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Про̵хоров</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Prokhorov</p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центp онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центp онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Николаева Е.А., Крылов А.С., Рыжков А.Д., Про̵хоров С.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Николаева Е.А., Крылов А.С., Рыжков А.Д., Про̵хоров С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolaeva E.A., Krylov A.S., Ryzhkov A.A., Prokhorov S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/416">https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/416</self-uri><abstract><p> Оценка эффективности терапии костных метастазов является актуальной проблемой у больных раком предстательной железы, в основном из-за наличия связи между метастазами в костях, выживаемостью и качеством жизни, что обусловливает необходимость правильной интерпретации результатов ответа на лечение. Использование дополнительных методов визуализации в клинической практике наряду с оценкой ПСА преследует цель улучшить раннее прогнозирование исхода и контролировать реакцию на терапию у пациентов с метастатическим кастрационно-резистентным раком предстательной железы. Для эффективного клинического ведения пациентов, получающих Ra-223, необходимы маркеры радиологического ответа, позволяющие свести к минимуму вероятность прогрессирования заболевания на фоне проводимой терапии и стратифицировать пациентов для выбора последующих вариантов лечения.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Изучение автоматизированного индекса сканирования костей (aBSI) в качестве количественной оценки результатов сцинтиграфии костей у больных метастатическим кастрационно-резистентным раком предстательной железы, получающих системную радионуклидную терапию Ra-223.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: В исследование включено 30 пациентов, которым была проведена сцинтиграфия костей до лечения Ra-223 и после завершения полного курса лечения, данные лабораторных исследований (ПСАобщ., ЛДГ, ˍФ), полученные перед каждым введением, и оценен клинический статус (индекс Карновского, ECOG) и болевой синдром (ВАˌ). aBSI был расчитан на исходном этапе и при завершении лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Средний уровень aBSI до начала терапии Ra-223 составлял 3,5 ц 4,0 (диапазон 0,0ʹ14,7, медиана 1,9), умеренно коррелировал с ПСА (r с 0,482; р с 0,007) и высоко с ˍФ (r с 0,710; р ф 0,001). После терапии aBSI — 3,7 ц 4,8 (диапазон 0,1ʹ19,8, медиана 1,55) умеренно коррелировал с ˍФ после терапии (r с 0,435; р с 0,018). Снижение уровня aBSI было отмечено у 16/30 (53,3 й). Согласованное снижение значений ЛДГ и aBSI у 6/30 (20 й) пациентов, рост у 10/30 (30 й). Снижение и ˍФ, и aBSI у 14/30 (46,7 й) пациентов, рост у 7/30 (23,3 й), снижение и ПСА, и aBSI у 4/30 (13,3 й) пациентов, рост у 13/30 (43,3 й). Снижение всех параметров наблюдалось у 3/30 (10 й) пациентов, рост у 5/30 (16,7 й). Рост aBSI после завершения терапии был выявлен у 14/30 (46,7 й), из них у 11/14 (78,6 й) сопровождался ростом ПСА, у 4/14 (28,6 й) ростом ЛДГ, у 5/14 (35,7 й) ростом ˍФ. Также у пациентов, отметивших усиление костного болевого синдрома, aBSI вырос по завершении терапии, а при снижении и стабилизации — aBSI снизился (р с 0,047).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: Как исходный показатель aBSI, так и его изменение после завершения лечения Ra-223 может быть использован в качестве радиологического маркера ответа для оценки эффективности терапии Ra-223 у пациентов с мКРРПЖ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Evaluation of the effectiveness of bone metastasis therapy is an important problem in patients with prostate cancer, mainly due to the relationship between bone metastases, survival and quality of life, which necessitates the correct interpretation of treatment response results. The use of additional imaging techniques in clinical practice, along with the assessment of PSA, aims to improve early prognosis of outcome and monitor response to therapy in patients with metastatic CRPC. For effective clinical management of patients receiving Ra-223, radiological response markers are needed to minimize the likelihood of disease progression during therapy and to stratify patients to select subsequent treatment options.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To study the automated bone scanning index (aBSI) as a quantitative radiological assessment of bone scintigraphy results in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who received systemic radionuclide therapy (RNT) Ra-223.</p></sec><sec><title>Matreial and Methods</title><p>Matreial and Methods: The study included 30 patients who underwent bone scintigraphy before treatment with Ra-223 and aŌer completion of the full course of treatment, laboratory data (PSA, LDH, ALP) obtained before each administration, and the clinical status (Karnovsky index, ECOG) and pain syndrome (VAS) were evaluated. aBSI was obtained at the initial stage and at the end of treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The average aBSI level before the start of Ra-223 therapy was 3.5 ц 4.0 (range 0.0ʹ14.7, median 1.9), moderately correlated with PSA (r с 0.482; р с 0.007) and high with alkaline phosphatase (r с 0.710; p ф 0.001). AŌer therapy, aBSI — 3.7 ц 4.8 (range 0.1ʹ19.8, median 1.55) was moderately correlated with alkaline phosphatase aŌer therapy (r с 0.435; р с 0.018). A decrease in the aBSI level was noted in 16/30 (53.3 й). A consistent decrease in LDH and aBSI values in 6/30 (20 й) patients, an increase of 10/30 (30 й). Decrease in both ALP and aBSI in 14/30 (46.7 й) patients, increase in 7/30 (23.3 й), decrease in both PSA and aBSI in 4/30 (13.3 й) patients, increase in 13/30 (43.3 й). A decrease in all parameters was observed in 3/30 (10 й) patients, an increase of 5/30 (16.7 й). An increase in aBSI aŌer completion of therapy was detected in 14/30 (46.7 й), of which 11/14 (78.6 й) were accompanied by an increase in PSA, 4/14 (28.6 й) by an increase in LDH, and 5/14 (35.7 й) by an increase in alkaline phosphatase. Also, in patients who noted an increase in bone pain syndrome, the aBSI increased at the end of therapy, and with a decrease and stabilization, the aBSI decreased (р с 0 . 0 4 7).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Both the initial aBSI index and its change after completion of Ra-223 treatment can be used as a radiological marker of response to assess the effectiveness of Ra-223 therapy in patients with mCRPC.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>костные метастазы</kwd><kwd>мКРРПЖ</kwd><kwd>радионуклидная терапия</kwd><kwd>хлорид радия-223</kwd><kwd>сцинтиграфия скелета</kwd><kwd>aBSI</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone metastases</kwd><kwd>mCRPC</kwd><kwd>radionuclide therapy</kwd><kwd>radium-223 chloride</kwd><kwd>skeletal scintigraphy</kwd><kwd>aBSI</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruland OS, Nilsson S, Fisher DR, Larsen RH. High-linear energy transfer irradiation targeted to skeletal metastases by the ɲ-emitter 223Ra: Adjuvant or alternative to conventional modalities? Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:6250-7. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0841.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruland OS, Nilsson S, Fisher DR, Larsen RH. High-linear energy transfer irradiation targeted to skeletal metastases by the ɲ-emitter 223Ra: Adjuvant or alternative to conventional modalities? Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:6250-7. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0841.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:213-23. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1213755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:213-23. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1213755.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parker C, Heidenreich A, Nilsson S, Shore N. Current approaches to incorporation of radium-223 in clinical practice. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018;21:37-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-017-0020-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parker C, Heidenreich A, Nilsson S, Shore N. Current approaches to incorporation of radium-223 in clinical practice. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018;21:37-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-017-0020-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scher HI, Morris MJ, Stadler WM, et al. Trial Design and Objectives for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Updated Recommendations from the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:1402-18. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2702.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scher HI, Morris MJ, Stadler WM, et al. Trial Design and Objectives for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Updated Recommendations from the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:1402-18. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2702.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyoshi Y, Tsutsumi S, Kawahara T, Yasui M, Uemura K, Yoneyama S, Yokomizo Y, Hayashi N, Yao M, Uemura H. Prognostic value of automated bone scan index for predicting overall survival among bone metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with radium-223. BJUI Compass. 2020 Sep 5;2(1):24-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/bco2.43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyoshi Y, Tsutsumi S, Kawahara T, Yasui M, Uemura K, Yoneyama S, Yokomizo Y, Hayashi N, Yao M, Uemura H. Prognostic value of automated bone scan index for predicting overall survival among bone metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with radium-223. BJUI Compass. 2020 Sep 5;2(1):24-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/bco2.43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong AJ, Anand A, Edenbrandt L, et al. Phase 3 Assessment of the Automated Bone Scan Index as a Prognostic Imaging Biomarker of Overall Survival in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Jul 1;4(7):944-51. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.109ы3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armstrong AJ, Anand A, Edenbrandt L, et al. Phase 3 Assessment of the Automated Bone Scan Index as a Prognostic Imaging Biomarker of Overall Survival in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Jul 1;4(7):944-51. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.109ы3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakashima K, Makino T, Kadomoto S, et al. Initial experience with Radium-223 chloride treatment at the Kanazawa University Hospital. Anticancer Res. 2019;39:2607-14. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.13384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakashima K, Makino T, Kadomoto S, et al. Initial experience with Radium-223 chloride treatment at the Kanazawa University Hospital. Anticancer Res. 2019;39:2607-14. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.13384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anand A, TrćgĊrdh E, Edenbrandt L, et al. Assessing radiographic response to 223Ra with an automated bone scan index in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2020;61:671-5. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.119.231100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anand A, TrćgĊrdh E, Edenbrandt L, et al. Assessing radiographic response to 223Ra with an automated bone scan index in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2020;61:671-5. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.119.231100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FosbƆl MT, Petersen PM, Kjaer A, Mortensen J. 223Ra therapy of advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Yuantitative assessment of skeletal tumor burden for prognostication of clinical outcome and hematologic toxicity. J Nucl Med. 2018;59:596-602. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.195677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FosbƆl MT, Petersen PM, Kjaer A, Mortensen J. 223Ra therapy of advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Yuantitative assessment of skeletal tumor burden for prognostication of clinical outcome and hematologic toxicity. J Nucl Med. 2018;59:596-602. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.195677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frantellizzi V, Pani A, Ippoliti MD, et al. Scintigraphic load of bone disease evaluated by DASciS soŌware as a survival predictor in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients candidates to 223RaCl treatment. Radiol Oncol. 2019;54:40-47. https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2019-0058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frantellizzi V, Pani A, Ippoliti MD, et al. Scintigraphic load of bone disease evaluated by DASciS soŌware as a survival predictor in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients candidates to 223RaCl treatment. Radiol Oncol. 2019;54:40-47. https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2019-0058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kitajima K, Igeta M, Kuyama J, et al. Novel nomogram developed for determining suitability of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients to receive maximum beneﬁt from radium-223 dichloride treatment—Japanese Ra-223 Therapy in Prostate Cancer using Bone Scan Index (J-RAP-BSI) Trial Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50:1487-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-022-06082-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitajima K, Igeta M, Kuyama J, et al. Novel nomogram developed for determining suitability of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients to receive maximum beneﬁt from radium-223 dichloride treatment—Japanese Ra-223 Therapy in Prostate Cancer using Bone Scan Index (J-RAP-BSI) Trial Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50:1487-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-022-06082-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kitajima K, Kuyama J, Kawahara T, et al. Assessing Therapeutic Response to Radium-223 with an Automated Bone Scan Index among Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients: Data from Patients in the J-RAP-BSI Trial. Cancers (Basel). 2023 May 16;15(10):2784. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitajima K, Kuyama J, Kawahara T, et al. Assessing Therapeutic Response to Radium-223 with an Automated Bone Scan Index among Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients: Data from Patients in the J-RAP-BSI Trial. Cancers (Basel). 2023 May 16;15(10):2784. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tian S, Lei Z, Gong Z, et al. Clinical implication of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Cell Int. 2020 Aug 26;20:409. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01508-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tian S, Lei Z, Gong Z, et al. Clinical implication of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Cell Int. 2020 Aug 26;20:409. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01508-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lecouvet FE, Talbot JN, Messiou C, et al. Monitoring the response of bone metastases to treatment with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and nuclear medicine techniques: a review and position statement by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer imaging group. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50:2519-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lecouvet FE, Talbot JN, Messiou C, et al. Monitoring the response of bone metastases to treatment with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and nuclear medicine techniques: a review and position statement by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer imaging group. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50:2519-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dennis ER, Jia X, Mezheritskiy IS, et al. Bone scan index: a quantitative treatment response biomarker for castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:519-24. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.36.5791.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dennis ER, Jia X, Mezheritskiy IS, et al. Bone scan index: a quantitative treatment response biomarker for castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:519-24. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.36.5791.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petersen LJ, Mortensen JC, Bertelsen H, Zacho HD. Prospective evaluation of computer-assisted analysis of skeletal lesions for the staging of prostate cancer. BMC Med Imaging. 2017 Jul 10;17(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-017-0211-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petersen LJ, Mortensen JC, Bertelsen H, Zacho HD. Prospective evaluation of computer-assisted analysis of skeletal lesions for the staging of prostate cancer. BMC Med Imaging. 2017 Jul 10;17(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-017-0211-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du Y, Carrio I, De Vincentis G, et al. Practical recommendations for radium-223 treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Nuc Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44:1671-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3756-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du Y, Carrio I, De Vincentis G, et al. Practical recommendations for radium-223 treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Nuc Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44:1671-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3756-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conteduca V, Poti G, Caroli P, et al. Flare phenomenon in prostate cancer: recent evidence on new drugs and next generation imaging. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2021 Feb 24;13:1758835920987654. https://doi.org/10.1177/1758835920987654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conteduca V, Poti G, Caroli P, et al. Flare phenomenon in prostate cancer: recent evidence on new drugs and next generation imaging. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2021 Feb 24;13:1758835920987654. https://doi.org/10.1177/1758835920987654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sartor O, Coleman RE, Nilsson S, et al. An exploratory analysis of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and prostate-speciﬁc antigen dynamics in the phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial with radium-223. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:1090-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sartor O, Coleman RE, Nilsson S, et al. An exploratory analysis of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and prostate-speciﬁc antigen dynamics in the phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial with radium-223. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:1090-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heinrich D, Bruland O, Guise TA, et al. Alkaline phosphatase in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: reassessment of an older biomarker. Future Oncol. 2018;14:2543-56. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2018-0087.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heinrich D, Bruland O, Guise TA, et al. Alkaline phosphatase in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: reassessment of an older biomarker. Future Oncol. 2018;14:2543-56. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2018-0087.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y, Sheng J, Dong Z, et al. The diagnostic performance of (18)F-Ňuoride PET/CT in bone metastases detection: a meta-analysis. Clin Radiol. 2019;74:196-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2018.12.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y, Sheng J, Dong Z, et al. The diagnostic performance of (18)F-Ňuoride PET/CT in bone metastases detection: a meta-analysis. Clin Radiol. 2019;74:196-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2018.12.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Sullivan JM, Heinrich D, James ND, et al. The case against the European Medicines Agency’s change to the label for Radium-223 for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2018;75:e51-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2018.11.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Sullivan JM, Heinrich D, James ND, et al. The case against the European Medicines Agency’s change to the label for Radium-223 for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2018;75:e51-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2018.11.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
