<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ojrdrt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Онкологический журнал: лучевая диагностика, лучевая терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-167X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО «ОБЩЕСТВО ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННЫХ ОНКОРАДИОЛОГОВ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37174/2587-7593-2024-7-1-19-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ojrdrt-341</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЯДЕРНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NUCLEAR MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение гибридных радионуклидных технологий визуализации и радионуклидной терапии у больных с остеогенной саркомой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of Hybrid Radionuclide Imaging Technologies and Radionuclide Therapy in Patients with Osteogenic Sarcoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-801X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжков</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжков Алексей Дмитриевич — д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, врач-радиолог отделения радионуклидной диагностики №1 отдела радионуклидной диагностики и терапии НИИ клинической и экспериментальной радиологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24,</p><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey D. Ryzhkov </p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478,</p><p>2/1, p. 1, Barricadnaya str., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adryzhkov60@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8476-7879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крылов Александр Сергеевич — к.м.н., заведующий отделением, врач-радиолог отделения радионуклидной диагностики №1 отдела радионуклидной диагностики и терапии НИИ клинической и экспериментальной радиологии</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p>AuthorID: 723683,</p><p>ScopusID: 57192816516</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr S. Krylov </p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-351X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пронин Артём Игоревич — к.м.н., заведующий отделением, врач-радиолог, руководитель отдела радионуклидной диагностики и терапии НИИ клинической и экспериментальной радиологии</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p>AuthorID: 901077</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem I. Pronin </p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-9285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гелиашвили</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Geliashvili</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гелиашвили Тамара Мамуковна — к.м.н., заведующая отделением радионуклидной терапии, врач-радиолог отделения радионуклидной терапии отдела радионуклидной диагностики и терапии НИИ клинической и экспериментальной радиологии</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p>AuthorID: 1051967</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara M. Geliashvili </p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-2560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаева Екатерина Андреевна — аспирант, врач-радиолог отделения радионуклидной диагностики №1 отдела радионуклидной диагностики и терапии НИИ клинической и экспериментальной радиологии</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Nikolaeva </p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-7646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Анастасия Викторовна — аспирант, врач-радиолог отделения радионуклидной диагностики №1 отдела радионуклидной диагностики и терапии НИИ клинической и экспериментальной радиологии</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Pavlova </p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центp онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России;&#13;
Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology;&#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центp онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыжков А.Д., Крылов А.С., Пронин А.И., Гелиашвили Т.М., Николаева Е.А., Павлова А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжков А.Д., Крылов А.С., Пронин А.И., Гелиашвили Т.М., Николаева Е.А., Павлова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhkov A.D., Krylov A.S., Pronin A.I., Geliashvili T.M., Nikolaeva E.A., Pavlova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/341">https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/341</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Продемонстрировать возможности различных гибридных методов исследования костной системы в диагностике первичного очага и метастазов остеосаркомы. Познакомить специалистов с перспективой применения радионуклидной терапии в лечении больных с остеосаркомой.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: Материал составили наиболее демонстративные случаи из клинической практики НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Приведённые примеры показали необходимость привлечения всех возможных радионуклидных модальностей для диагностики и, особенно, мониторинга больных с остеосаркомой для более раннего выявления рецидивов и метастазов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Более широкое использование современных гибридных методов исследования (ОФЭКТ/КТ и ПЭТ/КТ) позволяет расширить возможности более раннего выявления метастазов остеосаркомы не только в костях, но и в других органах и тканях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To demonstrate the capabilities of various hybrid methods for studying the skeletal system in diagnosing the primary focus and metastases of osteosarcoma. To acquaint specialists with the prospects of using radionuclide therapy in the treatment of patients with osteosarcoma.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: The material consisted of the most demonstrative cases from the clinical practice of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The given examples showed the need to involve all possible radionuclide modalities for diagnosis and, especially, monitoring of patients with osteosarcoma for earlier detection of relapses and metastases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: The wider use of modern hybrid research methods (SPECT/CT and PET/CT) makes it possible to expand the possibilities for earlier detection of osteosarcoma metastases not only in bones, but also in other organs and tissues.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеосаркома</kwd><kwd>метастазы</kwd><kwd>остеосцинтиграфия</kwd><kwd>ОФЭКТ/КТ</kwd><kwd>ПЭТ/КТ</kwd><kwd>радионуклидная диагностика</kwd><kwd>радионуклидная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteosarcoma</kwd><kwd>metastases</kwd><kwd>osteoscintigraphy</kwd><kwd>SPECT/CT</kwd><kwd>PET/CT</kwd><kwd>radionuclide diagnostics</kwd><kwd>radionuclide therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mebarki M, Medjahedi A, Menemani A, et al. Osteosarcoma pulmonary metastasis mimicking abnormal skeletal uptake in bone scan: utility of SPECT/CT. Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2013;38(10):392-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mebarki M, Medjahedi A, Menemani A, et al. Osteosarcoma pulmonary metastasis mimicking abnormal skeletal uptake in bone scan: utility of SPECT/CT. Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2013;38(10):392-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delbeke D, Coleman RE, Guiberteau MJ, et al. Procedure Guideline for SPECT/CT Imaging 1.0. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1227-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delbeke D, Coleman RE, Guiberteau MJ, et al. Procedure Guideline for SPECT/CT Imaging 1.0. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1227-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behzadi AH, Raza SI, Carrino JA, et al. Applications of PET/ CT and PET/MR Imaging in Primary Bone Malignancies. PET Clin. 2018 Oct; 13(4):623-34. Published online 2018 Aug 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2018.05.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behzadi AH, Raza SI, Carrino JA, et al. Applications of PET/ CT and PET/MR Imaging in Primary Bone Malignancies. PET Clin. 2018 Oct; 13(4):623-34. Published online 2018 Aug 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2018.05.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hongtao L, Hui Z, Bingshun W, et al. 18F-FDG positron emission tomography for the assessment of histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcomas: A meta-analysis. Surg Oncol. 2012;21:165-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hongtao L, Hui Z, Bingshun W, et al. 18F-FDG positron emission tomography for the assessment of histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcomas: A meta-analysis. Surg Oncol. 2012;21:165-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bajpai J, Kumar R, Sreenivas V, et al. Prediction of chemotherapy response by PET-CT in osteosarcoma: Correlation with histologic necrosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011;33:271-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bajpai J, Kumar R, Sreenivas V, et al. Prediction of chemotherapy response by PET-CT in osteosarcoma: Correlation with histologic necrosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011;33:271-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Im HJ, Kim TS, Park SY, et al. Prediction of tumour necrosis fractions using metabolic and volumetric 18F-FDG PET/CT indices, after one course and at the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in children and young adults with osteosarcoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:39-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Im HJ, Kim TS, Park SY, et al. Prediction of tumour necrosis fractions using metabolic and volumetric 18F-FDG PET/CT indices, after one course and at the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in children and young adults with osteosarcoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:39-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cistaro A, Lopci E, Gastaldo L, et al. The role of 18F-FDG PET/ CT in the metabolic characterization of lung nodules in pediatric patients with bone sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59:1206-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cistaro A, Lopci E, Gastaldo L, et al. The role of 18F-FDG PET/ CT in the metabolic characterization of lung nodules in pediatric patients with bone sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59:1206-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pevarski D, Drane W, Scarborough. The Usefulness of Bone Scintigraphy with SPECT Images for Detection of Pulmonary Metastases from Osteosarcoma. M. AJR 1998;170:319-22. 0361-803X/98/1702-319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pevarski D, Drane W, Scarborough. The Usefulness of Bone Scintigraphy with SPECT Images for Detection of Pulmonary Metastases from Osteosarcoma. M. AJR 1998;170:319-22. 0361-803X/98/1702-319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжков АД, Иванов СМ, Ширяев СВ и др. ОФЭКТ/КТ в контроле лучевого лечения костных метастазов остеосаркомы. Вопросы онкологии, 2016;62(5):654-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhkov AD, Ivanov SM, Shiryaev SV, et al. SPECT/CT in monitoring radiation treatment of bone metastases of osteosarcoma. Questions of Oncology, 2016;62(5):654-9 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжков АД, Ширяев СВ, Мачак ГН, и др. ОФЭКТ/КТ в контроле лечения костных метастазов остеосаркомы методом ультразвуковой термоаблации. Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2016;5:54-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhkov AD, Shiryaev SV, Machak GN, et al. Nered. SPECT/CT in monitoring the treatment of bone metastases of osteosarcoma using ultrasound thermal ablation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;5:54-8 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжков АД, Крылов АС, Мачак ГН, и др. Возможности остеосцинтиграфии и дополнительных радионуклидных методик в диагностике и лечении больных с остеогенной саркомой. Онкологический журнал. Лучевая диагностика, лучевая терапия. 2023;6(2):20-33. https://doi.org/10.37174/2587-7593-2023-6-2-20-33. https://doi.org/10.37174/2587-7593-2023-6-2-20-33. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhkov AD, Krylov AS, Machak GN, et al. Possibilities of osteoscintigraphy and additional radionuclide techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with osteogenic sarcoma. Oncological Journal. Radiation Diagnostics, Radiation Therapy. 2023;6(2):20-33. https://doi.org/10.37174/2587-7593-2023-6-2-20-33. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжков АД, Крылов АС, Мачак ГН, и др. Мониторинг лечения метастазов остеосаркомы с помощью ОФЭКТ/КТ. Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2019;64(4):76-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhkov AD, Krylov AS, Machak GN, et al Monitoring the treatment of osteosarcoma metastases using SPECT/CT. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(4):76-88. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петриев ВМ, Тищенко ВК, Красикова РН. 18F-ФДГ и другие меченые производные глюкозы для использования в радионуклидной диагностике онкологических заболеваний (обзор). Химико-фармацевтический журнал. 2016;50(4):3-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petriev VM, Tishchenko VK, Krasikova RN. 18F-FDG and other labeled glucose derivatives for use in radionuclide diagnostics of oncological diseases (review). Chemical-Pharmaceutical Journal. 2016;50(4):3-14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allott L, Aboagye O. Chemistry Considerations for the Clinical Translation of Oncology PET Radiopharmaceuticals. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2020;17(7):2245-59. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allott L, Aboagye O. Chemistry Considerations for the Clinical Translation of Oncology PET Radiopharmaceuticals. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2020;17(7):2245-59. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenner W, Bohuslavizki KH, Eary JF. PET Imaging of Osteosarcoma J Nuclear Med. June 2003;44(6):930-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenner W, Bohuslavizki KH, Eary JF. PET Imaging of Osteosarcoma J Nuclear Med. June 2003;44(6):930-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lodge MA, Lucas JD, Marsden PK, et al. A PET study of 18FDG uptake in soft tissue masses. Eur J Nucl Med. 1999;26:22-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lodge MA, Lucas JD, Marsden PK, et al. A PET study of 18FDG uptake in soft tissue masses. Eur J Nucl Med. 1999;26:22-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ichiya Y, Kuwabara Y, Otsuka M, et al. Assessment of response to cancer therapy using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med. 1991;32:1655-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ichiya Y, Kuwabara Y, Otsuka M, et al. Assessment of response to cancer therapy using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med. 1991;32:1655-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patlak CS, Blasberg RG. Graphical evaluation of blood-tobrain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data: generalizations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1985;5:584-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patlak CS, Blasberg RG. Graphical evaluation of blood-tobrain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data: generalizations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1985;5:584-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patlak CS, Blasberg RG, Fenstermacher JD. Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1983;3:1-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patlak CS, Blasberg RG, Fenstermacher JD. Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1983;3:1-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gjedde A. Calculation of cerebral glucose phosphorylation from brain uptake of glucose analogs in vivo: a re-examination. Brain Res. 1982;257:237-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gjedde A. Calculation of cerebral glucose phosphorylation from brain uptake of glucose analogs in vivo: a re-examination. Brain Res. 1982;257:237-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffman EJ, et al. Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: validation of method. Ann Neurol. 1979;6:371-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffman EJ, et al. Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: validation of method. Ann Neurol. 1979;6:371-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinahan PE, Fletcher JW. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography standardized uptake values in clinical practice and assessing response to therapy. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2010 Dec;31(6):496-505. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2010.10.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinahan PE, Fletcher JW. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography standardized uptake values in clinical practice and assessing response to therapy. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2010 Dec;31(6):496-505. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2010.10.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu, F, Zhang, Q, Zhou, D. et al. Effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and staging of osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis of 26 studies. BMC Cancer 19, 323 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-5488-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu, F, Zhang, Q, Zhou, D. et al. Effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and staging of osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis of 26 studies. BMC Cancer 19, 323 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-5488-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franzius C, Bielack S, Flege S, et al. Prognostic significance of 18F-FDG and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate uptake in primary osteosarcoma. J Nucl Med. 2002;43:1012-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franzius C, Bielack S, Flege S, et al. Prognostic significance of 18F-FDG and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate uptake in primary osteosarcoma. J Nucl Med. 2002;43:1012-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hurley C, McCarville MB, Shulkin BL, et al. Comparison of 18F-FDG-PET-CT and Bone Scintigraphy for Evaluation of Osseous Metastases in Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016 Aug;63(8):1381- 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hurley C, McCarville MB, Shulkin BL, et al. Comparison of 18F-FDG-PET-CT and Bone Scintigraphy for Evaluation of Osseous Metastases in Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016 Aug;63(8):1381- 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Page RL, Garg PK, Garg S, et al. PET imaging of osteosarcoma in dogs using a fluorine-18-labeled monoclonal antibody Fab fragment. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:1506-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Page RL, Garg PK, Garg S, et al. PET imaging of osteosarcoma in dogs using a fluorine-18-labeled monoclonal antibody Fab fragment. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:1506-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasey JS, Koh WJ, Grierson JR, Grunbaum Z, Krohn KA. Radiolabelled fluoromisonidazole as an imaging agent for tumor hypoxia. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1989;17:985-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasey JS, Koh WJ, Grierson JR, Grunbaum Z, Krohn KA. Radiolabelled fluoromisonidazole as an imaging agent for tumor hypoxia. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1989;17:985-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haubner R, Wester HJ, Burkhart F, et al. Glycosylated RGD-containing peptides: tracer for tumor targeting and angiogenesis imaging with improved biokinetics. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:326-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haubner R, Wester HJ, Burkhart F, et al. Glycosylated RGD-containing peptides: tracer for tumor targeting and angiogenesis imaging with improved biokinetics. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:326-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haubner R, Wester HJ, Weber WA, et al. Noninvasive imaging of alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression using 18F-labeled RGD-containing glycopeptide and positron emission tomography. Cancer Res. 2001;61:1781-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haubner R, Wester HJ, Weber WA, et al. Noninvasive imaging of alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression using 18F-labeled RGD-containing glycopeptide and positron emission tomography. Cancer Res. 2001;61:1781-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sordillo PP, Benua RS, Gelbard AS, et al. Imaging of human tumors and organs with N-13-labeled L-methionine. Am J Physiol Imaging. 1986;1:195-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sordillo PP, Benua RS, Gelbard AS, et al. Imaging of human tumors and organs with N-13-labeled L-methionine. Am J Physiol Imaging. 1986;1:195-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doubrovin M, Ponomarev V, Beresten T, et al. Imaging transcriptional regulation of p53-dependent genes with positron emission tomography in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:9300-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doubrovin M, Ponomarev V, Beresten T, et al. Imaging transcriptional regulation of p53-dependent genes with positron emission tomography in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:9300-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franzius C, Bielack S, Flege S, et al. High-activity samarium-153-EDTMP therapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell support in unresectable osteosarcoma. Nuklearmedizin. 01 Dec 2001;40(6):215-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franzius C, Bielack S, Flege S, et al. High-activity samarium-153-EDTMP therapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell support in unresectable osteosarcoma. Nuklearmedizin. 01 Dec 2001;40(6):215-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson P, Wiseman G, Dispenzieri A, et. al. High-dose samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate: low toxicity of skeletal irradiation in patients with osteosarcoma and bone metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jan 1;20(1):189-96. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.1.189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson P, Wiseman G, Dispenzieri A, et. al. High-dose samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate: low toxicity of skeletal irradiation in patients with osteosarcoma and bone metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jan 1;20(1):189-96. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.1.189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loeb D, et al. Dose-finding study of 153Sm-EDTMP in patients with poor-prognosis osteosarcoma. Cancer. 2009. 115(11):2514-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loeb D, et al. Dose-finding study of 153Sm-EDTMP in patients with poor-prognosis osteosarcoma. Cancer. 2009. 115(11):2514-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson PM, et al. Gemcitabine radiosensitization after high-dose samarium for osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2005. 11(19 Pt 1):6895-900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson PM, et al. Gemcitabine radiosensitization after high-dose samarium for osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2005. 11(19 Pt 1):6895-900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loeb DM, et al Tandem dosing of samarium-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphoric acid with stem cell support for patients with high-risk osteosarcoma. Cancer 2010.116(23):5470-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loeb DM, et al Tandem dosing of samarium-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphoric acid with stem cell support for patients with high-risk osteosarcoma. Cancer 2010.116(23):5470-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Subbiah V, Anderson P, Rohren E. Alpha emitter radium 223 in high-risk osteosarcoma: first clinical evidence of response and blood-brain barrier penetration. JAMA Oncol. 2015. 1(2):253-5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2014.289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Subbiah V, Anderson P, Rohren E. Alpha emitter radium 223 in high-risk osteosarcoma: first clinical evidence of response and blood-brain barrier penetration. JAMA Oncol. 2015. 1(2):253-5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2014.289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson PM, Subbiah Vk, Rohren E. Bone-Seeking Radiopharmaceuticals as Targeted Agents of Osteosarcoma: Samarium-153-EDTMP and Radium-223. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Current Advances in Osteosarcoma. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;804:291-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson PM, Subbiah Vk, Rohren E. Bone-Seeking Radiopharmaceuticals as Targeted Agents of Osteosarcoma: Samarium-153-EDTMP and Radium-223. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Current Advances in Osteosarcoma. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;804:291-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Subbiah V, Anderson P, Kalevi K, et al. Alpha Particle Radium 223 Dichloride in High-risk Osteosarcoma: A Phase I Dose Escalation Trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(13):3802-10. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-3964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Subbiah V, Anderson P, Kalevi K, et al. Alpha Particle Radium 223 Dichloride in High-risk Osteosarcoma: A Phase I Dose Escalation Trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(13):3802-10. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-3964.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranowska-Kortylewicz J, Sharp J, McGuire T, et al. Alpha-Particle Therapy for Multifocal Osteosarcoma: A Hypothesis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2020 Aug;35(6):418-24. https://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2019.3112. Epub 2020 Feb 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranowska-Kortylewicz J, Sharp J, McGuire T, et al. AlphaParticle Therapy for Multifocal Osteosarcoma: A Hypothesis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2020 Aug;35(6):418-24. https://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2019.3112. Epub 2020 Feb 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson P. Scott J. Parsai Sh., Zahler St. Worley S. Shrikanthan S. Subbiah V. Murphy E. 223-Radium for metastatic osteosarcoma: combination therapy with other agents and external beam radiotherapy. ESMO Open 2020;5(2):291-304. https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000635.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson P. Scott J. Parsai Sh., Zahler St. Worley S. Shrikanthan S. Subbiah V. Murphy E. 223-Radium for metastatic osteosarcoma: combination therapy with other agents and external beam radiotherapy. ESMO Open 2020;5(2):291-304. https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000635.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgenstern A, et al. An Overview of Targeted Alpha Therapy with 225 Actinium and 213 Bismuth. Curr Radiopharm. 2018;11:200-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgenstern A, et al. An Overview of Targeted Alpha Therapy with 225 Actinium and 213 Bismuth. Curr Radiopharm. 2018;11:200-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reissig F, Zarschler K, Novy Z, et al. Towards Targeted Alpha Therapy with Actinium-225: Chelators for Mild Condition Radiolabeling and Targeting PSMA — A Proof of Concept Study. Cancers 2021;13(8):1974; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13081974.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reissig F, Zarschler K, Novy Z, et al. Towards Targeted Alpha Therapy with Actinium-225: Chelators for Mild Condition Radiolabeling and Targeting PSMA — A Proof of Concept Study. Cancers 2021;13(8):1974; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13081974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagemann UB, et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of a Novel CD33-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:2422- 31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagemann UB, et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of a Novel CD33-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:2422- 31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gott M, Steinbach J, Mamat C. The radiochemical and radiopharmaceutical applications of radium. Open Chem. 2016;14:118-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gott M, Steinbach J, Mamat C. The radiochemical and radiopharmaceutical applications of radium. Open Chem. 2016;14:118-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
