<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ojrdrt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Онкологический журнал: лучевая диагностика, лучевая терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-167X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО «ОБЩЕСТВО ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННЫХ ОНКОРАДИОЛОГОВ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37174/2587-7593-2021-4-3-35-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ojrdrt-192</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛУЧЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности мультипараметрического ультразвукового исследования в диагностике кистозных образований почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of Multiparametric Ultrasound Study with Contrast Enhanced in the Diagnostics of Cistic Kidney Lesions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадырлеев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyrleev</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант научного отделения диагностической и интервенционной радиологии, врач ультразвуковой диагност отделения лучевой диагностики,</p><p>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya street, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romankadyrleev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багненко</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagnenkо</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник научного отделения диагностической и интервенционной радиологии, 197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68;</p><p>профессор кафедры современных методов диагностики и радиолучевой терапии, 194100 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya street, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758;</p><p>2, Litovskay street, Saint-Peterburg, 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bagnenko_ss@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бусько</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Busko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник научного отделения диагностической и интервенционнойрадиологии, врач ультразвуковой диагност, врач рентгенолог отделения лучевой диагностики, 197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68;</p><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент НК и ОЦ «Лучевая диагностика и ядерная медицина»,  медицинский факультет, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya street, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758;</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katrn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костромина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostromina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник научного отделения диагностической и интервенционной радиологии, врач ультразвуковой диагност, врач рентгенолог отделения лучевой диагностики, 197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68;</p><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры лучевой диагностики и биомедицинской визуализации, 194100 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya street, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758;</p><p>2, Litovskay street, Saint-Peterburg, 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">terik-dog@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевкунов</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevkunov</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник научного отделения диагностической и интервенционной радиологии, заведующий отделением лучевой диагностики, </p><p>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya street, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levka1978@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козубова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozubova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач ультразвуковой диагност, отделения лучевой диагностики,</p><p>197758 Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya street, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksu_erkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, старший преподаватель, кафедра теории систем управления электрофизической аппаратурой, факультет прикладной математики — процессов управления,</p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7/9, Universitetskaya embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.goncharova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Петрова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Петрова Минздрава России;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology;&#13;
St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Петрова Минздрава России;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology;&#13;
Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадырлеев Р.А., Багненко С.С., Бусько Е.А., Костромина Е.В., Шевкунов Л.Н., Козубова К.В., Гончарова А.Б., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадырлеев Р.А., Багненко С.С., Бусько Е.А., Костромина Е.В., Шевкунов Л.Н., Козубова К.В., Гончарова А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadyrleev R.A., Bagnenkо S.S., Busko E.A., Kostromina E.V., Shevkunov L.N., Kozubova K.V., Goncharova A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/192">https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/192</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Сравнить функциональные возможности и оценить эффективность серошкального В-режима, доплеровского картирования и эхоконтрастирования в оценке кистозных образований почек.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: Ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) проведено 61 пациенту с кистозными образованиями почек (категория Bosniak ≥ II). Кисты категорий Bosniak ≥ III гистологически верифицированы, остальные (категории II–IIF) находились на динамическом контроле. Всем пациентам выполнялось УЗИ в серошкальном режиме, цветовое доплеровское картирование (ЦДК) и контрастное ультразвуковое исследование (КУЗИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Эффективность В-режима составила: чувствительность — 55,6 %; специфичность — 72,1 %; точность — 62,3 %, в режиме ЦДК те же показатели составили 52,8; 80,1; 63,9 % соответственно. КУЗИ существенно повысило возможности метода, а так же позволяло оценивать кистозные образования по критериям Bosniak c показателями эффективности метода до 100,0; 92,0; 96,7 % соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: КУЗИ продемонстрировало высокую информативность при оценке кистозных образований почек по сравнению с нативным УЗИ и режимами ЦДК и ЭДК, а потому методику следует рассматривать как перспективную для включения в алгоритм обследования сложных кист почек. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To compare the capabilities and evaluate the effectiveness of gray-scale B-mode, Doppler mapping and contrast enhanced in the assessment of cystic renal lesions.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: Ultrasound examination (US) was performed in 61 patients with cystic kidney formations (category Bosniak ≥ II). Cysts of categories Bosniak ≥ III were histologically verified, rest (categories II–IIF) were under follow up. All patients underwent gray-scale ultrasound, color Doppler imaging and contrast enhanced (CEUS).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The efficiency of the B mode was: sensitivity 55.6 %; specificity 72.1 %; accuracy 62.3 %, in the CDI mode these indicators were 52.8; 80.1; 63.9 %, respectively. Contrast ultrasound significantly increased the capabilities of the method, and also made it possible to evaluate cystic formations according to the Bosniak criteria with indicators of the effectiveness of the method up to 100.0; 92.0; 96.7 %, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: CEUS demonstrated high informative value in the assessment of renal cystic formations in comparison with native ultrasound and Doppler modes, and therefore the technique should be considered as promising for inclusion in the algorithm of examination of complex renal cysts. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>контрастно-усиленное ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>классификация Bosniak</kwd><kwd>кистозные образования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>contrast enhanced ultrasound</kwd><kwd>cystic lesions</kwd><kwd>Bosniak classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кадырлеев РА, Бусько ЕА, Костромина ЕВ, и др. Ультразвуковое исследование с контрастированием в алгоритме диагностики солидных образований почек (обзор литературы). Лучевая диагностика и терапия. 2021;12(1):14-23. DOI: 10.22328/2079-5343-2020-12-1-14-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadyrleev RA, Busko EА, Kostromina EV, et al. Diagnostic algorithm of solid kidney lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (review). Diagnostic Radiology and Radiotherapy. 2021;12(1):14-23. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22328/2079-5343-2020-12-1-14-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носов АК, Лушина ПА. Анализ заболеваемости и смертности от рака почки в России и Санкт-Петербурге. Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2017;16(5):95-103. DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2017-16-5-95-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosov AK, Lushina PA. Analysis of morbidity and mortality from kidney cancer in Russia and St. Petersburg. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2017;16(5):95-103. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2017-16-5-95-103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серегин АВ, Борзецовская ВВ. Дифференциальная диагностика жидкостных образований почек (обзор литературы). Онкоурология. 2012;8(1):102-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seregin AV, Borzetsovskaya VV. The differentiative diagnosis of renal cysts (review). Oncourology. 2012;8(1):102-8. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daskivich TJ, Tan HJ, Litwin MS, et al. Life expectancy and variation in treatment for early stage kidney cancer. J Urol. 2016;196(3):672-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.03.133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daskivich TJ, Tan HJ, Litwin MS, et al. Life expectancy and variation in treatment for early stage kidney cancer. J Urol. 2016;196(3):672-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.03.133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асатурян МА, Атаев АГ, Багненко СС, и др. Общая и военная рентгенология. Санкт-Петербург: Военно-мед. акад. 2008; 480 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asaturyan MA, Ataev AG, Bagnenko SS, et al. General and Military Radiology. St. Petersburg: Military Medical. Acad. 2008; 480 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosniak MA. The Bosniak renal cyst classification: 25 years later. Radiology. 2012 Mar;262(3):781-5. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11111595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosniak MA. The Bosniak renal cyst classification: 25 years later. Radiology. 2012 Mar;262(3):781-5. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11111595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kashan M, Ghanaat M, Hötker AM, et al. Cystic renal cell carcinoma: a report on outcomes of surgery and active surveillance in patients retrospectively identified on pretreatment imaging. J Urol. 2018;200(2):275-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.3087.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashan M, Ghanaat M, Hötker AM, et al. Cystic renal cell carcinoma: a report on outcomes of surgery and active surveillance in patients retrospectively identified on pretreatment imaging. J Urol. 2018;200(2):275-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.3087.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chandrasekar T, Ahmad AE, Fadaak K, et al. Natural history of complex renal cysts: clinical evidence supporting active surveillance. J Urol. 2018;199(3): 633-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.09.078.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chandrasekar T, Ahmad AE, Fadaak K, et al. Natural history of complex renal cysts: clinical evidence supporting active surveillance. J Urol. 2018;199(3): 633-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.09.078.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schoots IG, Zaccai K, Hunink MG, et al. Bosniak classification for complex renal cysts reevaluated: a systematic review. J Urol. 2017;198(1):12-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.09.160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schoots IG, Zaccai K, Hunink MG, et al. Bosniak classification for complex renal cysts reevaluated: a systematic review. J Urol. 2017;198(1):12-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.09.160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu X, Zhao Q, Ye Z, et al. How does contrast-enhanced ultrasonography influence Bosniak classification for complex cystic renal mass compared with conventional ultrasonography? Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(7):e19190. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiu X, Zhao Q, Ye Z, et al. How does contrast-enhanced ultrasonography influence Bosniak classification for complex cystic renal mass compared with conventional ultrasonography? Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(7):e19190. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graumann O, Osther SS, Osther PJ. Characterization of complex renal cysts: a critical evaluation of the Bosniak classification. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2011;45(2):84-90. DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2010.533695.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graumann O, Osther SS, Osther PJ. Characterization of complex renal cysts: a critical evaluation of the Bosniak classification. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2011;45(2):84-90. DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2010.533695.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борсуков АВ, Буеверов АО, Тиханкова АВ. Полуколичественная оценка контраст-усиленного ультразвукового исследования при хронических вирусных гепатитах. Доктор.ру. 2019;8(163):28-34. DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378-2019-163-8-28-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borsukov AV, Bueverov AO, Tikhankova AV. Semiquantative Estimation of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Examination in Chronic Viral Hepatitis. Doctor.Ru. 2019;8(163):28-34. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378-2019-163-8-28-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertolotto M, Bucci S, Valentino M, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterizing renal masses. Eur J Radiol. 2018;105:41-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.05.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertolotto M, Bucci S, Valentino M, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterizing renal masses. Eur J Radiol. 2018;105:41-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.05.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartman DS, Choyke PL, Hartman MS. From the RSNA refresher courses: a practical approach to the cystic renal mass. Radiographics. 2004; 24 Suppl 1:S101-15. DOI: 10.1148/rg.24si045515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartman DS, Choyke PL, Hartman MS. From the RSNA refresher courses: a practical approach to the cystic renal mass. Radiographics. 2004; 24 Suppl 1:S101-15. DOI: 10.1148/rg.24si045515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidhu PS, Cantisani V, Dietrich CF, et al. The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations for the Clinical Practice of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Non-Hepatic Applications: Update 2017 (Long Version). Ultraschall Med. 2018 Apr;39(2):e2-e44. DOI: 10.1055/a-0586-1107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidhu PS, Cantisani V, Dietrich CF, et al. The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations for the Clinical Practice of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Non-Hepatic Applications: Update 2017 (Long Version). Ultraschall Med. 2018 Apr;39(2):e2-e44. DOI: 10.1055/a-0586-1107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубарев АВ, Гажонова ВЕ, Сальникова СВ и др. Контрастная эхография в дифференциальной диагностике кистозных образований почек. Кремлевская медицина. Клинический вестник. 2018;4(2):5-9. DOI: 10.26269/vr77-be11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zubarev AV, Gazhonova VE, Salnikova SV, et al. Contrast enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of renal cystic tumors. Kremlin medicine. Clinical Bulletin. 2018;4(2):5-9. (In Russian). DOI: 10.26269/vr77-be11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Helenon O. Simple and complex renal cysts in adults: Classification system for renal cystic masses. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2018;99(4):189-218. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.10.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Helenon O. Simple and complex renal cysts in adults: Classification system for renal cystic masses. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2018;99(4):189-218. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.10.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barr RG, Peterson C, Hindi A. Evaluation of indeterminate renal masses with contrast-enhanced US: a diagnostic performance study. Radiology. 2014;271(1):133-42. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barr RG, Peterson C, Hindi A. Evaluation of indeterminate renal masses with contrast-enhanced US: a diagnostic performance study. Radiology. 2014;271(1):133-42. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang EH, Chong WK, Kasoji SK, et al. Management of Indeterminate Cystic Kidney Lesions: Review of Contrastenhanced Ultrasound as a Diagnostic Tool. Urology. 2016;87:1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.10.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang EH, Chong WK, Kasoji SK, et al. Management of Indeterminate Cystic Kidney Lesions: Review of Contrastenhanced Ultrasound as a Diagnostic Tool. Urology. 2016;87:1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.10.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabr AH, Gdor Y, Roberts WW, et al. Radiographic surveillance of minimally and moderately complex renal cysts. BJU Int. 2009;103(8):1116-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08171.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabr AH, Gdor Y, Roberts WW, et al. Radiographic surveillance of minimally and moderately complex renal cysts. BJU Int. 2009;103(8):1116-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08171.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barr RG. Is there a need to modify the bosniak renal mass classification with the addition of contrast-enhanced sonography? J Ultrasound Med. 2017;36(5):865-8. DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.06058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barr RG. Is there a need to modify the bosniak renal mass classification with the addition of contrast-enhanced sonography? J Ultrasound Med. 2017;36(5):865-8. DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.06058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverman SG, Pedrosa I, Ellis JH, et al. Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses, Version 2019: An Update Proposal and Needs Assessment. Radiology. 2019;292(2):475-88. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverman SG, Pedrosa I, Ellis JH, et al. Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses, Version 2019: An Update Proposal and Needs Assessment. Radiology. 2019;292(2):475-88. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
