<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ojrdrt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Онкологический журнал: лучевая диагностика, лучевая терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-167X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО «ОБЩЕСТВО ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННЫХ ОНКОРАДИОЛОГОВ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37174/2587-7593-2019-2-1-43-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ojrdrt-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛУЧЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка возможностей ультразвукового исследования с контрастным усилением в диагностике метастазов колоректального рака в печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the Possibilities of Contrast-Enhaced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Liver Metastases (CRLM)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ek.v.kovaleva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синюкова</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyukova</surname><given-names>G. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данзанова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danzanova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепэдату</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepedatu</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудилина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudilina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковалева Е.В., Синюкова Г.Т., Данзанова Т.Ю., Лепэдату П.И., Гудилина Е.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалева Е.В., Синюкова Г.Т., Данзанова Т.Ю., Лепэдату П.И., Гудилина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovaleva E.V., Sinyukova G.T., Danzanova T.Y., Lepedatu P.I., Gudilina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/18">https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/18</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Оценить возможности УЗИ с контрастированием в выявлении метастазов колоректального рака в печени в сравнении со стандартным серошкальным B-режимом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: Проведены УЗИ 18 пациентам с метастазами колоректального в печени с применением эхо-контрастного препарата SonoVue (Bracco, Италия). Пациенты были разделены на две группы: первая группа - 10 пациентов (55 %) до начала проведения химиотерапии; вторая группа - 8 пациентов (45 %) после проведенной ранее химиотерапии со стабилизацией процесса. При УЗИ печени с контрастированием оценивался характер контрастного усиления метастазов в трех фазах - артериальной, венозной и отсроченной.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Произведена оценка характера накопления контраста в метастазах в печени в артериальную фазу. Контрастный препарат накапливался в метастазах в печени гомогенно по всему объему (у 30 % больных из первой группы, у больных из второй группы такое накопление не наблюдалось), только по периферии очагов (у 70 % больных - из первой группы, у 75 % больных - из второй группы), одновременно с интактной паренхимой печени (у 25 % больных - из второй группы). В отсроченной фазе у 4 (22,2 %) из 18 пациентов были обнаружены дополнительные метастазы. Была отмечена значительная разница в начале стадий контрастирования между пациентами первой и второй групп.</p><p>Позднее накопление контраста было характерно для метастазов печени у пациентов второй группы (25,8 с от начала введения контраста). Наиболее раннее начало стадии выведения контраста (washout) было характерно для метастазов в печени у пациентов первой группы (42,4 с от начала введения контраста).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: УЗИ с применением контрастного усиления улучшает достоверность визуализации метастазов в печени в сравнении с В-режимом. Также возможно применять данную методику в оценке эффективности лечения больных колоректальным раком с метастазами в печени, так как отмечается различие в моментах начала стадий накопления и вымывания контраста из очагов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To evaluate the capability of CEUS in the detection of CRLM in comparison with conventional grayscale B-mode.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: 18 patients with CRLM underwent CEUS using the contrast agent SonoVue® (Bracco, Italy). The patients were divided into two groups: the first group - 10 patients (55 %) before to chemotherapy; the second group - 8 patients (45 %) after chemotherapy with the stabilization of the process. The enhancement patterns of liver metastases were evaluated during the vascular phases: arterial, venous, and delayed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The enhancement patterns of liver metastases on CEUS were categorized as diffuse homogeneous enhancement (30 % - in the first group; such enhancement wasn’t observed in the second group), rim-like hyperenhancement (70 % of the patients from the first group, 75 % of patients from the second group) and isoenhancement, such as intact liver parenchyma (25 % of the patients from the second group). There were detected additional metastases in 4 (22,2 %) of patients in the delayed phase. There were significant differences in time of the beginning the vascular phases between patients from the first and second groups. The latest beginning of the wash-in stage was observed in liver metastases in patients from the second group (25.8 s from the injection of the contrast). The earliest beginning of the wash out stage was observed in liver metastases in patients from the first group (42.4 s from the injection of contrast).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: CEUS improves visualization of CRLM, in comparison with the grayscale B-mode. It is also possible to apply this technique in the assessment of chemotherapy in patients with CRLM, as there was a difference between the moments of the beginning wash-in and wash-out stages.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>метастазы в печени</kwd><kwd>УЗИ с контрастным усилением</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>оценка эффективности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>liver metastases</kwd><kwd>contrast-enhanced ultrasound</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>response prediction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давыдов М.И. Аксель Е.М. Статистика злокачественных новообразований в России и странах СНГ в 2009 г. // Вестник Российского онкологического центра им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН. 2011. Т. 22. № 3 (85). Прил. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Давыдов М.И. Аксель Е.М. Статистика злокачественных новообразований в России и странах СНГ в 2009 г. // Вестник Российского онкологического центра им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН. 2011. Т. 22. № 3 (85). Прил. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребенкин Е.Н., Станоевич УС, Чхиквадзе В.Д. и со-авт. Роль радиочасточной аблации в лечении больных с метастазами колоректального рака в печень // Врач. 2012. № 6. С. 48-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гребенкин Е.Н., Станоевич УС, Чхиквадзе В.Д. и со-авт. Роль радиочасточной аблации в лечении больных с метастазами колоректального рака в печень // Врач. 2012. № 6. С. 48-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алиев В.А., Барсуков Ю.А., Николаев А.В. и соавт. // Онкологическая колопроктология. 2012. № 4. С. 1521.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алиев В.А., Барсуков Ю.А., Николаев А.В. и соавт. // Онкологическая колопроктология. 2012. № 4. С. 1521.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данзанова Т.Ю., Синюкова Г.Т., Гудилина Е.А. и соавт. Значение ультразвуковой диагностики метастатического поражения печени в определении тактики хирургического лечения // Росс. онкол. журнал. 2015. №3. С. 23-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Данзанова Т.Ю., Синюкова Г.Т., Гудилина Е.А. и соавт. Значение ультразвуковой диагностики метастатического поражения печени в определении тактики хирургического лечения // Росс. онкол. журнал. 2015. №3. С. 23-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albrecht T., Hohmann J., ldenburg A. et al. Detection and characterisation of liver metastases // Eur. Radiol. 2004. Vol. 14. Suppl 8. P. 25-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albrecht T., Hohmann J., ldenburg A. et al. Detection and characterisation of liver metastases // Eur. Radiol. 2004. Vol. 14. Suppl 8. P. 25-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konopke R., Kersting S., Saeger H.D., Bunk A. Detection of liver lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound -comparison to intraoperative findings // Ultraschall Med. 2005. Vol. 26. P. 107-113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konopke R., Kersting S., Saeger H.D., Bunk A. Detection of liver lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound -comparison to intraoperative findings // Ultraschall Med. 2005. Vol. 26. P. 107-113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen L.P, Rosenkilde M., Christensen H. et al. The value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in detection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a prospective double-blinded study // Eur. J. Radiol. 2007. Vol 62. P. 302-307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen L.P, Rosenkilde M., Christensen H. et al. The value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in detection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a prospective double-blinded study // Eur. J. Radiol. 2007. Vol 62. P. 302-307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wernecke K., Rummeny E., Bongartz G. et al. Detection of hepatic masses in patients with carcinoma: comparative sensitivities of sonography, CT, and MR imaging // Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1991. Vol. 157. P 731-739.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wernecke K., Rummeny E., Bongartz G. et al. Detection of hepatic masses in patients with carcinoma: comparative sensitivities of sonography, CT, and MR imaging // Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1991. Vol. 157. P 731-739.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones E.C., Chezmar J.L., Nelson R.C., Bernardino M.E. The frequency and significance of small (less than or equal to 15 mm) hepatic lesions detected by CT // Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1992. Vol. 158. P 535-539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones E.C., Chezmar J.L., Nelson R.C., Bernardino M.E. The frequency and significance of small (less than or equal to 15 mm) hepatic lesions detected by CT // Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1992. Vol. 158. P 535-539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kreft B., Pauleit D., Bachmann R. et al. Incidence and significance of small focal liver lesions in MRI // Rofo. 2001. Vol. 173. P 424-429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kreft B., Pauleit D., Bachmann R. et al. Incidence and significance of small focal liver lesions in MRI // Rofo. 2001. Vol. 173. P 424-429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz L.H., Gandras E.J., Colangelo S.M. et al. Prevalence and importance of small hepatic lesions found at CT in patients with cancer // Radiology. 1999. Vol. 210. P. 71-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz L.H., Gandras E.J., Colangelo S.M. et al. Prevalence and importance of small hepatic lesions found at CT in patients with cancer // Radiology. 1999. Vol. 210. P. 71-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konopke R., Kersting S., Bergert H. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to detect liver metastases : a prospective trial to compare transcutaneous unenhanced and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in patients undergoing laparotomy // Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 2007. Vol. 22. P. 201-207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konopke R., Kersting S., Bergert H. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to detect liver metastases : a prospective trial to compare transcutaneous unenhanced and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in patients undergoing laparotomy // Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 2007. Vol. 22. P. 201-207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claudon M., Dietrich C.F., Choi B.I. et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver - update 2012: a WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS // Ultraschall. Med. 2013. Vol. 34. P. 11-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claudon M., Dietrich C.F., Choi B.I. et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver - update 2012: a WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS // Ultraschall. Med. 2013. Vol. 34. P. 11-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lassau N., Bonastre J., Kind M. et al. Validation of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound in predicting outcomes of antiangiogenic therapy for solid tumors: the French multicenter support for innovative and expensive techniques study // Invest. Radiol. 2014. Vol. 49. P. 794800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lassau N., Bonastre J., Kind M. et al. Validation of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound in predicting outcomes of antiangiogenic therapy for solid tumors: the French multicenter support for innovative and expensive techniques study // Invest. Radiol. 2014. Vol. 49. P. 794800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lassau N., Chebil M., Chami L. et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US): a new tool for the early evaluation of antiangiogenic treatment // Target Oncol. 2010. Vol. 5. P. 53-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lassau N., Chebil M., Chami L. et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US): a new tool for the early evaluation of antiangiogenic treatment // Target Oncol. 2010. Vol. 5. P. 53-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arita J., Ono Y., Takahashi M. et al. Usefulness ofcontrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound in identifying disappearing liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma after chemotherapy // Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2014. Vol. 21. Suppl. 3. P. 390-397.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arita J., Ono Y., Takahashi M. et al. Usefulness ofcontrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound in identifying disappearing liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma after chemotherapy // Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2014. Vol. 21. Suppl. 3. P. 390-397.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshida K., Hirokawa T., Moriyasu F. et al. Arterial-phase contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for evaluating anti-angiogenesis treatment: a pilot study // World. J. Gastroenterol. 2011. Vol. 17. P. 1045-1450.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshida K., Hirokawa T., Moriyasu F. et al. Arterial-phase contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for evaluating anti-angiogenesis treatment: a pilot study // World. J. Gastroenterol. 2011. Vol. 17. P. 1045-1450.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen L.P. Role of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in the assessment of hepatic metastases: A review // World J. Hepatol. 2010. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 8-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen L.P. Role of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in the assessment of hepatic metastases: A review // World J. Hepatol. 2010. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 8-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosgrove D., Blomley M. Liver tumors: evaluation with contrast-enhanced ultrasound // Abdom. Imaging. 2004. Vol. 29. P. 446-454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosgrove D., Blomley M. Liver tumors: evaluation with contrast-enhanced ultrasound // Abdom. Imaging. 2004. Vol. 29. P. 446-454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albrecht T., Hoffmann C.W., Schmitz S.A. et al. Phase-inversion sonographyduring the liver-specific late phase of contrast enhancement: improved detection of liver metastases // Amer. J. Roentgenol. 2001. Vol. 176. P. 1191-1198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albrecht T., Hoffmann C.W., Schmitz S.A. et al. Phase-inversion sonographyduring the liver-specific late phase of contrast enhancement: improved detection of liver metastases // Amer. J. Roentgenol. 2001. Vol. 176. P. 1191-1198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naoyuki U., Haruki N., Naoko S. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in evaluation of the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy for patients with liver metastases // Yonago Acta Medica. 2016. Vol. 59. P 255-261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naoyuki U., Haruki N., Naoko S. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in evaluation of the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy for patients with liver metastases // Yonago Acta Medica. 2016. Vol. 59. P 255-261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lassau N., Koscielny S., Chami L. et al. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: early evaluation of response to bevacizumab therapy at dynamic contrast-enhanced US with quantification - preliminary results // Radiology. 2011. Vol. 258. P. 291-300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lassau N., Koscielny S., Chami L. et al. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: early evaluation of response to bevacizumab therapy at dynamic contrast-enhanced US with quantification - preliminary results // Radiology. 2011. Vol. 258. P. 291-300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moschouris H., Malagari K., Marinis A. et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemo embolization: Evaluation with parametric contrast-enhanced ultrasonography // World J. Radiol. 2012. Vol. 4. P. 379-386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moschouris H., Malagari K., Marinis A. et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemo embolization: Evaluation with parametric contrast-enhanced ultrasonography // World J. Radiol. 2012. Vol. 4. P. 379-386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schirin-Sokhan R., Winograd R., Roderburg C. et al. Response evaluation of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer by contrast enhanced ultrasound // World J. Gastroenterol. 2012. Vol. 18. P 541-545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schirin-Sokhan R., Winograd R., Roderburg C. et al. Response evaluation of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer by contrast enhanced ultrasound // World J. Gastroenterol. 2012. Vol. 18. P 541-545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
