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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ojrdrt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Онкологический журнал: лучевая диагностика, лучевая терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7593</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-167X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО «ОБЩЕСТВО ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННЫХ ОНКОРАДИОЛОГОВ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37174/2587-7593-2020-3-1-69-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ojrdrt-110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМБИНИРОВАННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMBINED METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рак пищевода: эпидемиология, факторы риска и методы диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Esophageal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Diagnostic Methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладилина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladilina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трякин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tryakin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захидова</surname><given-names>Ф. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakhidova</surname><given-names>F. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малихова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malikhova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравец</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravets</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабанов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabanov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution «N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гладилина И.А., Трякин А.А., Захидова Ф.О., Малихова О.А., Иванов С.М., Кравец О.А., Шабанов М.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гладилина И.А., Трякин А.А., Захидова Ф.О., Малихова О.А., Иванов С.М., Кравец О.А., Шабанов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gladilina I.A., Tryakin A.A., Zakhidova F.O., Malikhova O.A., Ivanov S.M., Kravets O.A., Shabanov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/110">https://www.oncoradjournal.ru/jour/article/view/110</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Рак пищевода (РП) представляет собой злокачественное заболевание с низкими показателями выживаемости и ограниченными возможностями лечения на поздних стадиях. Эпидемиологическая ситуация в развитых странах имеет тенденцию к улучшению. Однако в большинстве государств, в том числе и в Российской Федерации, ситуация остается в критическом состоянии.</p></sec><sec><title>Эпидемиология РП</title><p>Эпидемиология РП: РП является одним из самых агрессивных злокачественных новообразований. По данным Международного агентства по исследованию рака (МАИР, International Agency for Research on Cancer), в 2018 г. в мире было зарегистрировано 572 тыс. новых случаев РП (3,2 % от общего числа злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО)). В 2018 г. в мире зарегистрировано 508,6 тыс. смертей от РП (5,3 % от общего числа смертей от онкологических заболеваний, 6 ранговое место) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>Факторы риска РП</title><p>Факторы риска РП: Несомненную роль в этиологии плоскоклеточного РП играют следующие фак- торы:</p></sec><sec><title>1</title><p>1. Диета (нитриты, употребление горячей пищи и напитков, недостаточное потребление с пи-</p><p>щей витаминов и микроэлементов).</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2. Курение табака и употребление алкоголя являются независимыми факторами риска, однако</p><p>в сочетании с другими увеличивают риск возникновения заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>3</title><p>3. Ахалазия кардии.</p></sec><sec><title>4</title><p>4. Ожоги пищевода.</p></sec><sec><title>5</title><p>5. Аутосомно-доминантные заболевания, характеризующимся гиперкератозом ладоней и стоп.</p><p>Риск развития РП достигает 37 % [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit2">2</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>6</title><p>6. Вирус папилломы человека 16 и 18 типов вызывает риск развития РП у 37 % пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы диагностики</title><p>Методы диагностики: Традиционными и общепринятыми методами диагностики РП являют- ся: эзофагогастродуоденосокпия (ЭГДС) с биопсией, эндоскопическое ультразвуковое исследование (ЭУЗИ) с пункционной биопсией лимфатических узлов средостения, компьютерная томография (КТ) органов грудной клетки и брюшной полости (в том числе с внутривенным контрастированием), маг- нитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) грудной полости (в том числе с внутривенным контрастирова- нием), позитронно-эмиссионная томография (ПЭТ) с 18F-фтордезоксиглюкозой всего тела (в том числе совмещенная с КТ).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignant disease with low survival rates and limited treatment options in the later stages. The epidemiological situation in developed countries tends to improve. However, in most states, including the Russian Federation, the situation remains in critical condition.</p></sec><sec><title>Epidemiology of EC</title><p>Epidemiology of EC: Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant disease. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in 2018, 572 thousand new cases of RP were registered in the world (3.2 % of the total number of malignant disease). In 2018, 508.6 thousand deaths from cancer were recorded in the world (5.3 % of the total number of deaths from cancer, 6th place) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>EC risk factors</title><p>EC risk factors: The following factors play an important role in the etiology of squamous EC:</p></sec><sec><title>1</title><p>1. Diet (nitrites, hot food and drinks, insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals with food).</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2. Tobacco and alcohol use are independent risk factors, but when combined with others, they increase</p></sec><sec><title>the risk of the disease</title><p>the risk of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>3</title><p>3. Achalasia of the cardia.</p></sec><sec><title>4</title><p>4. Burns of the esophagus.</p></sec><sec><title>5</title><p>5. Autosomal dominant diseases characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms of the hands and feet.</p><p>The risk of developing EC reaches 37 % [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit2">2</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>6</title><p>6. Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 causes a risk of EC in 37 % of patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Diagnostic methods</title><p>Diagnostic methods: Traditional methods for the diagnosis of EC are: esophagogastroduodenosocpy with biopsy, endoscopic ultrasound with puncture biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes, computed tomography of the chest and abdominal organs (including contrast), magnetic resonance imaging of the chest cavity (including with contrasting), positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (including combined with computed tomography).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак пищевода</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>лучевая диагностика</kwd><kwd>комбинированные методы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>esophageal cancer</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>radiodiagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F, Jacques Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. 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